Modification of surface properties of electrospun polyamide nanofibers by means of a perfluorinated acridine

Polyamide 6 (PA6) nanofibers were prepared from formic acid solutions by using electrospinning technique. The fibers were smooth, defects free and with diameters smaller than 200 nm. Small amounts of a perfluorinated acridine were added as dopant to the feed solution to modify the wettability of the fibers. The effect of doping on the contact angle values is well apparent. The contact angle values go from 50° of pure PA6 to 120° when 6% of acridine is added. A comparison between fibers and films of pure and doped polyamide 6 was carried out in order to determine the effect of morphology on wettability. Thermal annealing near the T_g of the polymer promoted the segregation of the molecules to the surface, reaching contact angles of 131° with smaller amounts (4%) of acridine. The surface segregation was also promoted by time aging.     

GEOENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERS OF YELLOW (HUANGHE) RIVER SUSPENDED LOAD

Three important characters of the suspended load of the Yellow (Huanghe) River are discussed, i.e. its temporal fluctuation as a function of solar activity, its uneven spatial distribution along the main course and the inevitability of these phenomena as a natural earth process rather than a result of disturbed ecological system caused by human activity. Implications of this understanding with regard to the control of the Yellow River are also discussed.     

New efficient organocatalytic oxidation of benzylic compounds by molecular oxygen under mild conditions

Efficient aerobic oxidation of benzylic compounds has been achieved under no irradiation using a new organocatalytic system in the presence of acridine yellow and N-hydroxyphthalimide with assistance of a catalytic amount of molecular bromine. Various substrates, especially alkylaromatics, were effectively oxygenated to the corresponding carbonyl compounds with molecular oxygen as oxidant under mild conditions. For instance, indan was oxidized with 92% conversion and 79% selectivity for 1-indanone under 0.3 MPa of O₂ at 75 °C.     

The effect of the exchangeable metallic cation on the colloid properties of laponite treated with acridine orangea spectrophotometric study

The adsorption of the cationic dye acridine orange (AO) by different monoionic laponites leads to changes in the colloid properties of this synthetic mineral in aqueous solutions. The organic cation is adsorbed by the mechanism of cation exchange. Small amounts of adsorbed dye keep the clay in a peptized state with all metallic cations. Greater amounts of AO result in the neutralization of the electric charge of the clay, and its flocculation. In excess AO the charge of the clay platelets becomes positive and the clay is peptized. The colloid properties are studied by absorbance curves in which the absorbance is described as a function of the degree of saturation with constant clay concentrations or with constant dye concentrations. In the absorbance curves three regions can be identified. The transition between the first and second or the second and third regions depend on the exchangeable metallic cation initially present in the clay. The spectrophotometric method is useful in identifying the presence of tactoids and flocculation mechanism, whether it results in card-house or in book-house flocs.     

吖啶橙催化荧光光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根

在盐酸介质中,亚硝酸根催化溴酸钾氧化吖啶橙,使得吖啶橙在激发波长为492 nm,发射波长为538 nm处的荧光强度明显下降,从而建立了催化荧光光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根的方法,线性范围为2.0×10-6~60×10-6g.L-1,检出限为1.62×10-6g.L-1。相对标准偏差小于5%,回收率在96%~105%之间。方法用于水中痕量亚硝酸根的测定。     

Study of cork (from Quercus suber L.)-wine model interactions based on voltammetric multivariate analysis

The cork from Quercus suber L. is the premium raw material used to produce wine-bottling stoppers; however, being a natural product, cork can be contaminated and attacked in different ways that could promote differences in its proprieties. A specific contamination is the defect known in the industry as “Mancha Amarela—Yellow spot” (MA). This cork shows modifications in its mechanical, structural and optical properties and is potentially able to cause off-flavours in wine. In this study, a new analytical approach is proposed for the rapid screening of cork-wine model interactions in order to determine if the cork were able to contaminate a wine. Cork samples classified as standard (S) and cork MA were put in contact with a wine model matrix. The model matrix was analysed by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry in function of different contact times. Considering that matrices in contact with cork S and MA exhibited different pH, the influence of this parameter on the distinction power was also evaluated. The data sets obtained from the different techniques were treated by principal component analysis (PCA) and PLS_Cluster. The major difference between samples S and MA is the occurrence of an important peak at ca. 580 mV in the MA voltammograms. This more positive peak may be assigned to lignin related phenolics; therefore, it can be proposed as a possible marker to follow lignin degradation.     

动力学荧光增敏法测定痕量钒(Ⅴ)

研究了在稀硫酸介质中柠檬酸存在下,钒(Ⅴ)催化溴酸钾氧化吖啶红的荧光增强作用,建立了催化荧光法测定痕量钒(Ⅴ)的新方法。该方法的线性范围为0.20～3.00μg/L,检出限为0.04μg/L。本法已用于水样、大米和花生仁中痕量钒的测定。     

导数吸附伏安法同时测定柠檬黄及日落黄

色素日落黄和柠檬黄在ｐＨ８．２的硼酸钠－酸介质中均有良好的吸附伏安波，但波峰相互重叠，难以同时测定。本文提出以二阶导数法对日落黄和柠檬黄的重叠伏安波谱进行分析，以达到日落黄和柠檬黄同时测定的目的，方法简便快速。本法分析几种饮料中的日落黄及柠檬黄，结果满意。     

Physicochemical and Cytochemical Investigations on the Binding of Ethidium and Acridine Dyes to DNA and to Organelles in Living Cells

Ethidium and acridine dyes are classical model substances for studying the binding of small, pharmacologically active molecules to DNA. Intercalation between the DNA base pairs is nearly always proposed as the most important type of binding. According to our investigations, however, there is a second type of binding, which also occurs when the concentration of the bound molecules is low and will be referred to here as external or preintercalative binding. The experimental binding isotherms show that the binding constant for intercalation K_S1 is considerably smaller than that for external binding K_S2 (K_S1 > K_S2). This surprising result is not due to the binding enthalpy (ΔH ≈ ΔH) but to the binding entropy (ΔS > ΔS). Electrostatic interactions between the dye and the DNA represent the most important contribution to both types of binding; they are supplemented by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The behavior of a substance in living cells, however, cannot be reliably predicted from its in vitro binding to DNA. Very few substances are bound to the DNA of the nuclear chromatin in cell culture; for example, dyes often accumulate instead in the lysosomes. In some cases the dye binds specifically and very efficiently to the mitochondria of the living cell, especially to the mitochondrial membranes, the sites of oxidative phosphorylation.